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Vector databases - verified

Vector databases compared

We read the docs, pricing pages, READMEs and license files of 24 vector databases on October 18, 2026: 11 managed services, 5 cloud provider services, 5 open-source engines you run yourself and 3 Postgres extension entries. Every value carries a verbatim quote and its source. Prices stay in each product's own unit, grouped by unit and never converted or ranked across units.

  • 7 changes seen on October 18, 2026: Vertex AI Vector Search moved under Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform, MongoDB Atlas Vector Search renamed, Azure AI Search shown as Foundry IQ, Vectorize V1 deprecated, Weaviate license split, OpenSearch Serverless NextGen and Classic collections and S3 Vectors ENHANCED default. Each is quoted below.
  • Only Pinecone labels availability on the pages read; the other 23 read Not stated, which is not the same as preview.
  • 4 products show some rates only in a pricing calculator; those rates read Not stated with the reason.

Choosing one for RAG or an agent? Read the vector database comparison. Still picking the vectors? Compare embedding models and rerankers.

Products
24
Verified quotes
360
Price rows
66
Open-source licensed
13

What changed

Renames, moves, deprecations and license changes seen on October 18, 2026, each only as far as its quotes go. A research note is the researcher's record of the page, shown with a link, not a quote. The pages give no date for the renames and moves.

  • Cloudflare Vectorize V1 indexes are deprecated

    Cloudflare's limits page keeps a separate section for V1 indexes, headed as deprecated, where the maximum is 200,000 vectors per index. The page states no date for the deprecation.

    “Limits for V1 indexes (deprecated)”
    developers.cloudflare.com
    “Maximum vectors per index · 200,000”
    developers.cloudflare.com

    Research note: V1 indexes are deprecated and had lower limits (200,000 vectors per index). Source page

  • License splitWeaviate Cloud

    Weaviate's license now splits BSD-3-Clause and an enterprise-licensed directory

    The repository LICENSE file puts most source code under BSD-3-Clause and the "wl" directory under a separate enterprise license only.

    “Source code in this repository is variously licensed under the BSD-3-Clause License, or the Weaviate License.”
    raw.githubusercontent.com
    “Within the "wl" directory and all its sub-directories, source code is Copyright Weaviate BV 2026-present, all rights reserved, and is only available under a separate enterprise license.”
    raw.githubusercontent.com
  • NextGen and ClassicAmazon OpenSearch Serverless

    Amazon OpenSearch Serverless splits vector collections into NextGen and Classic

    AWS now distinguishes NextGen and Classic vector search collections. The pricing page bills NextGen collections for compute and storage separately; the per-OCU rate itself appears only in the pricing calculator.

    “With Amazon OpenSearch Serverless NextGen collections, you only pay for the resources consumed by the workload. OpenSearch Serverless charges for compute and storage separately.”
    aws.amazon.com
    “With Amazon OpenSearch Serverless Classic collections, you only pay for the resources consumed by the workload.”
    aws.amazon.com

    Research note: AWS now distinguishes NextGen and Classic vector search collections; NextGen collections have a 10-second read-after-write refresh interval per the docs. Source page

  • S3 Vectors: ENHANCED is the default index mode for buckets created on or after September 30, 2026

    S3 Vectors has two index modes, ENHANCED and CLASSIC, and AWS recommends ENHANCED for almost all workloads. Vector buckets created on or after September 30, 2026 default to ENHANCED and cannot use CLASSIC.

    “The modes are ENHANCED and CLASSIC. We recommend ENHANCED for almost all workloads, because it gives you higher recall on filtered queries and additional filter operators.”
    docs.aws.amazon.com
    “A vector bucket created on or after September 30, 2026 has a default index mode of ENHANCED, and indexes in it cannot use CLASSIC.”
    docs.aws.amazon.com

    Research note: Index modes: vector buckets created on or after September 30, 2026 default to ENHANCED and cannot use CLASSIC, per the vector index docs. Source page

Every vector database, by type

Each card shows the first price in the product's own unit, then max dimensions, hybrid search, built-in embedding and reranking, BYOC or self-hosting and license. Every value links the page it came from.

Managed services

11 products

Vector databases run for you by the company that builds them, serverless or on provisioned capacity. Several also publish an open-source engine, listed separately below.

Cloud provider services

5 products

Vector search inside a cloud platform's own services: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud and Cloudflare. Billed on that platform's account.

Open source, self-hosted

5 products

Engines you install and operate on your own infrastructure under the license shown. No price applies to the software itself.

Postgres extensions

3 products

pgvector adds vector columns, distance operators and ANN indexes to Postgres. The hosted entries bill it as part of their Postgres plans.

  • database extension - status not stated

    How it charges

    No price listed.Open source; no price. Hosting cost depends on the Postgres provider.

    Max dimensions
    16,000(stored vector type; HNSW and IVFFlat index up to 2,000 dimensions for vector, 4,000 for halfvec)
    Built-in embedding
    Not statedThe extension stores and searches vectors; embedding generation is not part of it per the README.
    Built-in rerank
    Not statedNot part of the extension per the README.

    Every value, quote and source for pgvector

  • database extension - status not stated

    How it charges

    No price listed.Billed as part of Supabase Postgres plans; no vector-specific price on the pages checked.

    Max dimensions
    Not statedNot stated on the Supabase pgvector page; see the pgvector entry for the extension limits.
    Hybrid / sparse
    Not statedNot described on the pages checked.
    Built-in embedding
    Not statedNot stated on the pages checked (the example generates embeddings client-side with Transformers.js).
    Built-in rerank
    Not statedNot stated on the pages checked.
    BYOC / self-host
    Not statedNot stated on the Supabase pgvector extension page.

    Every value, quote and source for Supabase Vector

  • database extension - status not stated

    How it charges

    No price listed.Billed as part of Neon Postgres plans; no vector-specific price on the page checked.

    Max dimensions
    Not statedNot stated on the Neon pgvector page; see the pgvector entry.
    Hybrid / sparse
    Not statedNot described on the page checked.
    Built-in embedding
    Not statedNot stated on the page checked.
    Built-in rerank
    Not statedNot stated on the page checked.
    BYOC / self-host
    Not statedManaged serverless Postgres; self-hosting not stated.

    Every value, quote and source for Neon

Prices by unit

Every price row, in each product's own unit, one block per unit. Rows are sorted by amount only inside a block; nothing is converted, and a price in one block is never compared with another. Plan labels in brackets come from the pricing table's column headings, which the quoted cell text does not always repeat.

64 price rows in each product's own unit, grouped by unit and sorted only inside a unit
ProductPriceUnit, as statedQuote and sourceWhere it comes from
Per GB-month stored
ElasticsearchAs low as $0.047per GB-month retained (Serverless)
“Storage & RetentionPer GB retained per month As low as $0.047”
elastic.co
-
Amazon S3 Vectors$0.06per GB-month logical storage (US East example)
“Total monthly storage cost = 59 GB * $0.06/GB per month = $3.54”
aws.amazon.com
  • AWS US East worked exampleRates are taken from the worked pricing example on the S3 pricing page, which says "This example uses pricing for the US East (N. Virginia) AWS Region."
Pinecone$0.33per GB-month storage (Standard and Enterprise)
“Storage Up to 2 GB Up to 10 GB Unlimited $0.33/GB/mo Unlimited $0.33/GB/mo”
pinecone.io
-
Per GiB-month stored
Chroma Cloud$0.33per GiB-month stored
“Storageper GiB per month $0.33”
trychroma.com
-
Per 1M read or write units
Pinecone$4-$4.50per 1M write units (Standard; varies by cloud and region)
“Unlimited $4-$4.50 per million (varies by cloud and region)”
pinecone.io
-
Pinecone$6-$6.75per 1M write units (Enterprise; varies by cloud and region)
“Unlimited $6-$6.75 per million (varies by cloud and region)”
pinecone.io
-
Pinecone$16-$18per 1M read units (Standard; varies by cloud and region)
“Unlimited $16-$18 per million (varies by cloud and region)”
pinecone.io
-
Pinecone$24-$27per 1M read units (Enterprise; varies by cloud and region)
“Unlimited $24-$27 per million (varies by cloud and region)”
pinecone.io
-
Per 1M queries
Amazon S3 Vectors$2.50per 1M queries (US East example)
“Queries are charged based on a per-query request fee ($2.50/MM queries)”
aws.amazon.com
  • AWS US East worked exampleRates are taken from the worked pricing example on the S3 pricing page, which says "This example uses pricing for the US East (N. Virginia) AWS Region."
Per 100K requests
Upstash Vector$0.4per 100K requests (Pay as You Go; query and upsert priced the same)
“Pay as You Go $0.4 per 100K requests”
upstash.com
-
Per 100,000 read operations
Google Vector Search$0.06per 100,000 read operations (Agent Retrieval payload database)
“Read Operations $0.06 / 100,000 count”
cloud.google.com
  • Agent Retrieval sectionFrom the pricing page's new Agent Retrieval section, which it describes as a fully managed retrieval engine that unifies vector indexing and payload storage into a single service.
Per search unit per month
Azure AI Search$0 / $73.73 / $245.28 / $981.12 / $1,962.24 / $2,802.47 / $5,604.21per search unit per month (Free, Basic, S1, S2, S3, L1, L2; as displayed with the page default region and currency)
“Price per SU (Search unit) $0/month $73.73/month $245.28/month $981.12/month $1,962.24/month $2,802.47/month $5,604.21/month”
azure.microsoft.com
  • Page default region, not statedThe figures are as the pricing page displays them in its default region and currency; the page text does not name that region. The page bills per search unit, replicas times partitions.
Per CU-hour
Google Vector Search$0.065per CU-hour (Agent Retrieval index serving, Performance-Optimized)
“Performance-Optimized CU $0.065 / 1 hour”
cloud.google.com
  • Agent Retrieval sectionFrom the pricing page's new Agent Retrieval section, which it describes as a fully managed retrieval engine that unifies vector indexing and payload storage into a single service.
Google Vector Search$2.30per CU-hour (Agent Retrieval index serving, Storage-Optimized)
“Storage-Optimized CU $2.30 / 1 hour”
cloud.google.com
  • Agent Retrieval sectionFrom the pricing page's new Agent Retrieval section, which it describes as a fully managed retrieval engine that unifies vector indexing and payload storage into a single service.
Per vCPU-hour
Vespa Cloud$0.05per vCPU-hour (Startup plan; memory $0.005/GB-hour, disk $0.0002/GB-hour, GPU memory $0.03/GB-hour)
“Unit prices - vCPU$ 0.05 / hour - Memory GB$ 0.005 / hour - Disk GB$ 0.0002 / hour - GPU Memory GB$ 0.03 / hour”
vespa.ai
-
Vespa Cloud$0.1per vCPU-hour (Basic, initial)
“Initial unit prices - vCPU$ 0.1 / hour - Memory GB$ 0.01 / hour - Disk GB$ 0.0004 / hour - GPU Memory GB$ 0.07 / hour”
vespa.ai
-
Vespa Cloud$0.145per vCPU-hour (Commercial, initial)
“Initial unit prices - vCPU$ 0.145 / hour - Memory GB$ 0.0145 / hour - Disk GB$ 0.0005 / hour - GPU Memory GB$ 0.1 / hour”
vespa.ai
-
Vespa Cloud$0.18per vCPU-hour (Enterprise, initial)
“Initial unit prices - vCPU$ 0.18 / hour - Memory GB$ 0.018 / hour - Disk GB$ 0.0007 / hour - GPU Memory GB$ 0.125 / hour”
vespa.ai
-
Per VCU-hour
ElasticsearchAs low as $0.07per VCU-hour machine learning (Serverless)
“Machine LearningPer VCU per hour As low as $0.07”
elastic.co
-
ElasticsearchAs low as $0.09per VCU-hour search (Serverless)
“Search*Per VCU per hour As low as $0.09”
elastic.co
-
ElasticsearchAs low as $0.14per VCU-hour ingest (Serverless)
“Ingest*Per VCU per hour As low as $0.14”
elastic.co
-
Per cluster-hour (whole cluster, not vector-specific)
MongoDB Vector Search$0per hour (Atlas Free cluster)
“Free $0 /hour Free forever For learning and exploring MongoDB in a cloud environment. STORAGE 512 MB”
mongodb.com
  • Cluster priceVector search runs on Atlas clusters, so these are cluster prices, not vector-specific rates.
MongoDB Vector Search$0.011per hour, up to $30/month (Atlas Flex cluster)
“Flex $0.011 /hour Up to $30/month”
mongodb.com
  • Cluster priceVector search runs on Atlas clusters, so these are cluster prices, not vector-specific rates.
MongoDB Vector Search$0.08per hour, starts at $56.94/month (Atlas Dedicated cluster)
“Dedicated $0.08 /hour Starts at $56.94/month”
mongodb.com
  • Cluster priceVector search runs on Atlas clusters, so these are cluster prices, not vector-specific rates.
Per 1M vectors per month
Zilliz CloudFrom $5per million vectors per month (Dedicated Tiered-storage)
“Search Latency 100-1000ms From $5 per million vectors / month”
zilliz.com
-
Zilliz CloudFrom $16per million vectors per month (Dedicated Capacity-optimized)
“Search Latency 50-100 ms From $16 per million vectors / month”
zilliz.com
-
Zilliz CloudFrom $63per million vectors per month (Dedicated Performance-optimized)
“Search Latency 10 ms From $63 per million vectors / month”
zilliz.com
-
Per 1M queried vector dimensions
Cloudflare Vectorize$0.01per 1M queried vector dimensions (Workers Paid, after 50M included)
“First 50 million queried vector dimensions / month included + $0.01 per million”
developers.cloudflare.com
-
Per 100M stored vector dimensions
Cloudflare Vectorize$0.05per 100M stored vector dimensions (Workers Paid, after 10M included)
“First 10 million stored vector dimensions + $0.05 per 100 million”
developers.cloudflare.com
-
Per 1M vector dimensions (period not stated)
Weaviate Cloudfrom $0.00465per 1M vector dimensions (Flex; Premium shared from $0.003875, Premium dedicated from $0.002718)
“Vector dimensions Free from $0.00465 / 1M from $0.003875 / 1M from $0.002718 / 1M”
weaviate.io
  • No period statedThe pricing page prints this rate per 1M vector dimensions without a billing period. It is shown as printed.
Plan price or monthly minimum
Chroma Cloud$0plan price per month plus usage (Starter)
“Starter $0/month + usage Get up and running quickly.”
trychroma.com
-
PineconeFreeplan price (Starter)
“Starter For trying out and for small applications. Start for Free Free”
pinecone.io
-
Qdrant CloudFreeplan price (Free Tier)
“Free Tier Free forever For testing, and prototypes”
qdrant.tech
-
Upstash Vector$0plan price (Free)
“Free $0 - Perfect for prototypes and hobby projects. Daily Query/Update Limit 10K”
upstash.com
-
Weaviate Cloud$0plan price per month (Free)
“Free Forever$0/mo No credit card required”
weaviate.io
-
Zilliz Cloud$0plan price (Free)
“Free Starting point for learning and personal projects. $0”
zilliz.com
-
Zilliz CloudFrom $0per month (Standard, Serverless)
“From $0 /month (Serverless)”
zilliz.com
-
turbopuffer$16minimum usage per month (launch plan)
“Sign up $16/month minimum usage scale”
turbopuffer.com
-
Pinecone$20plan price per month, flat (Builder)
“Builder NEW For solo developers and small teams. Get Started $20/month flat”
pinecone.io
-
Weaviate Cloud$45plan minimum per month (Flex, starts at)
“Flex Starts at$45/mo Pay-as-you-go”
weaviate.io
-
Pinecone$50minimum usage per month (Standard)
“You'll be charged a minimum of $50/month. Once your usage exceeds this amount, you'll pay as you go.”
pinecone.io
-
Upstash Vector$60plan price per month (Fixed)
“Fixed $60/ month - For consistent loads with predictable costs.”
upstash.com
-
Zilliz CloudFrom $197per month (Enterprise, Dedicated)
“From $197 /month (Dedicated)”
zilliz.com
-
Chroma Cloud$250plan price per month plus usage (Team)
“Team $250/month + usage Scale your production use cases. $100 credits then usage-based pricing.”
trychroma.com
-
turbopuffer$256minimum usage per month (scale plan)
“Sign up $256/month minimum usage enterprise”
turbopuffer.com
-
Weaviate Cloudfrom $400plan minimum per month (Premium)
“The minimum covers the baseline cluster cost and includes charges for Vector Dimensions and Storage: $45/month on Flex and from $400/month on Premium.”
weaviate.io
-
Pinecone$500minimum usage per month (Enterprise)
“You'll be charged a minimum of $500/month. Once your usage exceeds this amount, you'll pay as you go.”
pinecone.io
-
turbopuffer$4,096per month, with a 35% usage premium (enterprise plan)
“Contact us =$4,096/month 35% usage premium”
turbopuffer.com
-
Vespa Cloud$20,000minimum monthly spend (Enterprise)
“Minimum monthly spend of $20,000”
vespa.ai
-
Qdrant CloudMinimum spend requiredPremium Tier
“Premium Tier Minimum spend required”
qdrant.tech
-
Other units, one row eachnot sorted: no two rows share a unit
Weaviate Cloudfrom $0.12per GiB storage (Flex; Premium shared from $0.10, Premium dedicated from $0.33)
“Storage Free from $0.12 / GiB from $0.10 / GiB from $0.33 / GiB”
weaviate.io
-
Weaviate Cloudfrom $0.03036per GiB backup (Flex; Premium shared from $0.021, Premium dedicated from $0.014)
“Backup Free from $0.03036/ GiB from $0.021 / GiB from $0.014 / GiB”
weaviate.io
-
Chroma Cloud$2.50per GiB written
“Writeper GiB written $2.50”
trychroma.com
-
Chroma Cloud$0.0075per TiB queried
“Queryper TiB queried $0.0075”
trychroma.com
-
Chroma Cloud$0.09per GiB returned
“Networkper GiB returned $0.09”
trychroma.com
-
Upstash Vector$0.25per GB storage (monthly, daily-average basis)
“The storage cost is charged at a rate of $0.25 per GB total storage.”
upstash.com
-
Upstash Vector$0.03per GB bandwidth beyond 200 GB/month (Pay as You Go)
“Beyond that, we charge $0.03 for each additional GB data transfer.”
upstash.com
-
Amazon S3 Vectors$0.004 / $0.002per TB processed by query, first 100K vectors / 100K to 10M vectors (US East example)
“a data processed charge ($0.004/TB for the first 100K vectors, $0.002/TB for 100K”
aws.amazon.com
  • AWS US East worked exampleRates are taken from the worked pricing example on the S3 pricing page, which says "This example uses pricing for the US East (N. Virginia) AWS Region."
Amazon S3 Vectors$0.0004per TB processed by query, 10M+ vectors (US East example)
“$0.0004/TB for 10M+ vectors”
aws.amazon.com
  • AWS US East worked exampleRates are taken from the worked pricing example on the S3 pricing page, which says "This example uses pricing for the US East (N. Virginia) AWS Region."
Amazon S3 Vectors$0.01per GB returned (US East example)
“and a data returned charge ($0.01/GB)”
aws.amazon.com
  • AWS US East worked exampleRates are taken from the worked pricing example on the S3 pricing page, which says "This example uses pricing for the US East (N. Virginia) AWS Region."
Amazon S3 Vectors$0.20per GB uploaded (PUT, US East example)
“Total monthly PUT cost = 1 full upload/6 months * 59 GB total storage * $0.20/GB = $1.97”
aws.amazon.com
  • AWS US East worked exampleRates are taken from the worked pricing example on the S3 pricing page, which says "This example uses pricing for the US East (N. Virginia) AWS Region."
Google Vector Search$3.00per GiB processed for index build and update
“Vector Search charges $3.00 per gibibyte (GiB) of data processed in all regions.”
cloud.google.com
-
Google Vector Search$0.45per GiB ingested (streaming updates)
“Vector Search charges $0.45/GiB ingested for Streaming Update inserts.”
cloud.google.com
-
Google Vector SearchCharged per node hour by machine type and regionper node-hour (index serving)
“The price corresponds to the machine type, by region, and is charged per node hour.”
cloud.google.com
-

Rates shown only in a pricing calculator

These rates are not in the pricing page text, so they read Not stated. The billing model is quoted where the page states one.

4 products whose per-unit rates appear only in a pricing calculator
ProductRateWhyBilling model, quoted
Qdrant CloudNot statedStandard Tier unit ratesStandard Tier unit prices are only available through the Qdrant pricing calculator, not as text on the pricing page.

Usage-based

“Standard Tier Usage-based pricing For production workloads and scaling applications”
qdrant.tech
Zilliz CloudNot statedServerless read and write vCU ratesServerless read/write vCU unit rates are not in the pricing page text; the page gives them only through its pricing calculator.See the plan minimums above.
turbopufferNot statedPer-GB storage, write and query ratesPer-GB storage, write and query rates appear only in the pricing page's cost calculator, not in the page text, so no per-unit rate is listed here.See the plan minimums above.
Amazon OpenSearch ServerlessNot statedPer-OCU compute ratesThe pricing page describes OCU-hour billing ("One OCU comprises approximately 6 GB of RAM and corresponding vCPU"), but the per-OCU rates appear only in its pricing calculator, not in the page text.

Compute (OCUs) and storage billed separately

“With Amazon OpenSearch Serverless NextGen collections, you only pay for the resources consumed by the workload. OpenSearch Serverless charges for compute and storage separately.”
aws.amazon.com

No price listed

Open-source software, Postgres extensions billed inside a Postgres plan, and a contact-only product.

  • LanceDB Enterprise

    No public price list: lancedb.com/pricing resolved to the LanceDB contact page on 2026-10-18.

  • Milvus

    Open source; no price. Managed Milvus is offered as Zilliz Cloud (separate entry).

  • Chroma

    Open source; no price.

  • LanceDB OSS

    Open source; no price.

  • OpenSearch

    Open source; no price.

  • Redis

    This entry covers the open-source engine. Redis Cloud plans are not vector-specific and are outside this entry, so no price is listed.

  • pgvector

    Open source; no price. Hosting cost depends on the Postgres provider.

  • Supabase Vector

    Billed as part of Supabase Postgres plans; no vector-specific price on the pages checked.

  • Neon

    Billed as part of Neon Postgres plans; no vector-specific price on the page checked.

Feature matrix

Every product against every field, each stated cell linking its source. A cell shows the vendor's words, shortened; hover for the full value, or open the product page for the quote. Not stated is not the same as no. This is not a ranking.

Search and indexing

Vector size, distance metrics, index algorithms, keyword or sparse search, filters and tenant isolation.

Search and indexing: 24 products by Max dimensions, Metrics, Index types, Hybrid / sparse, Filtering, Multi-tenancy
ProductMax dimensionsMetricsIndex typesHybrid / sparseFilteringMulti-tenancy
PineconeManaged services20,000(dense vectors)euclidean, cosine, dotproductNot statedYes: BM25 full-text search, sparse vectors and dense vectors in one indexYesNamespaces
Weaviate CloudManaged servicesNot statedcosine, dot, l2-squared, hamming +1 moreHNSW, Flat, Dynamic, HFreshYes: vector plus BM25 keyword searchNot statedNative multi-tenancy
Qdrant CloudManaged servicesNot statedDot, Cosine, Euclid, ManhattanHNSW (dense), sparse vector index, payload and full-text indexesYes: dense plus sparse vectors fused with RRF or DBSFYesPayload-based partitioning or user-defined sharding within one collection
Zilliz CloudManaged services32,768Not statedNot statedHybrid search and full text search listed in the plan feature tableFiltered search listed in the plan feature tableDatabases, collections and partitions
Chroma CloudManaged services4,096l2, cosine, ipSPANNYes: dense, sparse and hybrid search; full-text and regex searchYesDatabases and collections
turbopufferManaged services10,752(dense vectors)cosine_distance, euclidean_squaredNot statedYes: BM25 full-text search and sparse vector search alongside ANNYesNamespaces; count listed as unlimited on the limits page
LanceDB EnterpriseManaged servicesNot statedl2, cosine, dot, hammingIVF, IVF_HNSW, FTS, scalar indexesYesYesNot stated
MongoDB Vector SearchManaged services8,192euclidean, cosine, dotProducthnsw, flatYes: $rankFusion and $scoreFusionYesNot stated
ElasticsearchManaged services4,096l2_norm, dot_product, cosine, max_inner_producthnsw, int8 / int4 quantized variants, bbq_hnsw, bbq_flat +1 moreYes: full-text plus vector search, RRF recommendedNot statedNot stated
Upstash VectorManaged services1,536 (Free), 3,072 (Pay as you go, Fixed), 5,000 (Pro)inferredEuclidean, cosine, dot productDiskANNYes: hybrid indexes with dense and sparse components, results fusedYesNamespaces: 100 (Free), 10K (Pay as you go, Fixed), unlimited (Pro)inferred
Vespa CloudManaged servicesNot statedeuclidean, angular, dotproduct, prenormalized-angular +2 moreHNSW, exact nearest neighborYes: nearestNeighbor combinable with text query termsYesNot stated
Amazon OpenSearch ServerlessCloud provider services16,000Euclidean, cosine, dot productNot statedFull-text search alongside vector search in the same collectionYesNot stated
Amazon S3 VectorsCloud provider services4,096Cosine, EuclideanIndex modes ENHANCED and CLASSICNot statedYesVector buckets and vector indexes
Azure AI SearchCloud provider services4,096cosine, dotProduct, euclideanExhaustive KNN, HNSWYes: vector plus keyword search, fused with RRFYesNot stated
Google Vector SearchCloud provider servicesNot statedSQUARED_L2_DISTANCE, L1_DISTANCE, DOT_PRODUCT_DISTANCE, COSINE_DISTANCETree-AH (ScaNN), Brute forceYes: dense plus sparse embeddings in one indexNot statedNot stated
Cloudflare VectorizeCloud provider services1,536cosine, euclidean, dot-productNot statedNot statedYesNamespaces: 50,000 per index (Workers Paid) or 1,000 (Free)
MilvusOpen source, self-hosted32,768L2, IP, COSINE, Jaccard +1 moreFLAT, IVF_FLAT, IVF_SQ8, IVF_PQ +13 moreYes: BM25 full-text search combinable with dense vector searchNot statedDatabase, collection, partition or partition-key level
ChromaOpen source, self-hostedNot statedl2, cosine, ipHNSW (single node), SPANN (distributed)Yes: dense, sparse and hybrid searchYesNot stated
LanceDB OSSOpen source, self-hostedNot statedl2, cosine, dot, hammingIVF (with PQ, SQ or RabitQ quantization), IVF_HNSW, FTS (BM25), BTree +3 moreYes: BM25 full-text index combinable with vector searchYesNot stated
OpenSearchOpen source, self-hosted16,000l1, l2, linf, cosinesimil +3 moreHNSW (Lucene, Faiss), IVF (Faiss), flat (Lucene, OpenSearch 3.6+)Not statedYesNot stated
RedisOpen source, self-hostedNot statedL2, IP, COSINEFLAT, HNSW, SVS-VAMANANot statedYes: text, numeric, geospatial and tag filtersNot stated
pgvectorPostgres extensions16,000(stored vector type; HNSW and IVFFlat index up to 2,000 dimensions for vector, 4,000 for halfvec)L2, inner product, cosine, L1 +2 moreHNSW, IVFFlatYes, with Postgres full-text searchYes, via ordinary SQL WHERE clauses and JOINsNot stated
Supabase VectorPostgres extensionsNot statedNot statedIVFFlat, HNSWNot statedYesNot stated
NeonPostgres extensionsNot statedL2, inner product, cosine, L1 +2 moreHNSW, IVFFlatNot statedNot statedNot stated

Built-ins, deployment and SDKs

Embedding and reranking inside the database, where it can run, its license and official SDKs.

Built-ins, deployment and SDKs: 24 products by Built-in embedding, Built-in rerank, BYOC / self-host, License, SDKs
ProductBuilt-in embeddingBuilt-in rerankBYOC / self-hostLicenseSDKs
PineconeManaged servicesYesYesBYOC listed on the Enterprise planinferredNot statedPython, Node.js, Java, Go
Weaviate CloudManaged servicesYesYes, via reranker modulesOpen-source core under BSD-3-Clause (outside the "wl" directory); BYOC not stated on the pages checkedBSD-3-Clause, except code in the "wl" directory, which is under a separate enterprise licensePython, TypeScript/JavaScript, Go, Java +1 more
Qdrant CloudManaged servicesYesNot statedHybrid Cloud (managed clusters on your own infrastructure) and Private CloudApache-2.0Python, JavaScript/TypeScript, Rust, Go +2 more
Zilliz CloudManaged servicesNot statedNot statedBYOC availableNot statedNot stated
Chroma CloudManaged servicesNot statedNot statedSelf-host the open-source version or use Chroma Cloud; BYOC not statedApache-2.0Python, TypeScript, Rust
turbopufferManaged servicesNative embedding models can be enabled per attribute in the schemaNot statedBYOC in AWS, GCP and Azure; single-tenancy clustersNot statedNot stated
LanceDB EnterpriseManaged servicesEmbedding UDFs listed for the Geneva feature-engineering layerRerankers documentedDeployable in customer environmentsNot statedNot stated
MongoDB Vector SearchManaged servicesYes, Automated Embedding with Voyage AI modelsNot statedSelf-managed or local deployments via the Atlas CLINot statedNot stated
ElasticsearchManaged servicesYes, via semantic_text inference fieldsNot statedSource code available under AGPL-3.0, SSPL-1.0 or Elastic License 2.0AGPL-3.0-only, SSPL-1.0 or Elastic License 2.0Python, Java, JavaScript/Node.js, C#/.NET +4 more
Upstash VectorManaged servicesYesNot statedNot statedNot statedREST, Python, TypeScript, Go
Vespa CloudManaged servicesYes: the embed indexing expressionNot statedSelf Managed planApache-2.0Not stated
Amazon OpenSearch ServerlessCloud provider servicesNot statedNot statedNot statedNot statedNot stated
Amazon S3 VectorsCloud provider servicesNot statedNot statedNot statedNot statedNot stated
Azure AI SearchCloud provider servicesYes: integrated vectorization via indexer pipelines calling a configured model endpointNot statedNot statedNot statedNot stated
Google Vector SearchCloud provider servicesNot statedNot statedNot statedNot statedPython, Java (client libraries)
Cloudflare VectorizeCloud provider servicesNot statedNot statedNot statedNot statedNot stated
MilvusOpen source, self-hostedYes, via the Function module calling external embedding providersNot statedOpen sourceApache-2.0Python (PyMilvus), Java, Go, Node.js
ChromaOpen source, self-hostedClient-side embedding functions (including a DefaultEmbeddingFunction); not a hosted serviceNot statedSelf-hostApache-2.0Python, JavaScript
LanceDB OSSOpen source, self-hostedNot statedRerankers documentedOpen-source embedded libraryApache-2.0Python, TypeScript, Rust
OpenSearchOpen source, self-hostedNot statedNot statedOpen sourceApache-2.0Not stated
RedisOpen source, self-hostedNot statedNot statedRedis Open SourceRedis 8+: RSALv2, SSPLv1 or AGPLv3 (your choice); 7.2 and earlier BSD-3Not stated
pgvectorPostgres extensionsNot statedNot statedOpen-source Postgres extensionPostgreSQL LicenseAny language with a Postgres client
Supabase VectorPostgres extensionsNot statedNot statedNot statedPgvector: PostgreSQL LicenseNot stated
NeonPostgres extensionsNot statedNot statedNot statedPgvector: PostgreSQL LicenseAny language with a Postgres client

Vendor-stated performance, scale and SLAs

16 figures as the vendors state them. They are claims, not measurements, and are not compared with each other.

16 vendor-stated claims, not measured
ProductClaimQuote and source
Pinecone

99.95% uptime SLA on Enterprise

vendor-statedinferredRead as the Enterprise plan: the quoted list opens with Everything in Standard, the pricing page's lead-in for the tier above Standard.
“Everything in Standard 99.95% Uptime SLA”
pinecone.io
Weaviate Cloud

Availability SLA: best effort (Free), 99.5% (Flex), 99.9% (Premium shared), 99.95% (Premium dedicated)

vendor-statedinferredPer-plan SLAs (Free, Flex, Premium shared, Premium dedicated) mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
“Availability Best effort 99.5% 99.9% 99.95%”
weaviate.io
Qdrant Cloud

99.5% uptime SLA on Standard Tier

vendor-statedinferredThe quote does not name the tier; Standard comes from the pricing card it sits in.
“99.5% Uptime SLA”
qdrant.tech
Qdrant Cloud

99.9% uptime SLA on Premium Tier

vendor-statedinferredThe quote does not name the tier; Premium comes from the pricing card it sits in.
“99.9% Uptime SLA”
qdrant.tech
Zilliz Cloud

Performance-optimized CU: about 2 million vectors, 500-1500 QPS, 10 ms search latency (768-dim vectors)

vendor-statedinferredThe quoted row does not name the CU type; Performance-optimized and the 768-dimension basis come from the surrounding pricing table and its footnote.
“Per CU Capacity 2 million vectors Search QPS 500-1500 Search Latency 10 ms”
zilliz.com
Zilliz Cloud

Capacity figures are based on 768-dimensional vectors

vendor-stated
“This data is based on evaluations of 768-dimensional vectors.”
zilliz.com
Zilliz Cloud

99.95% uptime SLA on Enterprise

vendor-stated
“Enterprise-grade reliability and controls. Best for: production applications. From $197 /month (Dedicated) Start 30-day Free Trial - 99.95% uptime SLA”
zilliz.com
turbopuffer

Vector search recall@10 of 90-100% (limits page)

vendor-stated
“Vector search recall@10 90-100%”
turbopuffer.com
turbopuffer

5k+ queries/s per namespace

vendor-stated
“Max queries (per namespace) 5k+ queries/s”
turbopuffer.com
turbopuffer

99.95% uptime SLA on enterprise

vendor-statedinferredThe quote does not name the plan; enterprise comes from the pricing table column it sits in.
“Uptime SLA99.95%”
turbopuffer.com
Elasticsearch

BBQ reduces memory footprint by 96% (32x), at a cost of accuracy

vendor-stated
“This reduces the memory footprint by 96% (or 32x) at a larger cost of accuracy.”
elastic.co
Upstash Vector

Enterprise plan scales over a billion vectors

vendor-statedinferredThe quote does not name the plan; Enterprise comes from the pricing card it sits in.
“Scales over a billion of vectors”
upstash.com
Amazon OpenSearch Serverless

NextGen collections create all indexes with 32x compression

vendor-statedinferredThe quote itself does not mention NextGen collections.
“All indexes are created with advanced 32x compression technique by default.”
docs.aws.amazon.com
Amazon S3 Vectors

Subsecond latency for infrequent queries, as low as 100 ms for frequent queries

vendor-stated
“delivers subsecond latency for infrequent queries and as low as 100 milliseconds for more frequent queries”
docs.aws.amazon.com
Amazon S3 Vectors

Up to 90% lower costs for uploading, storing and querying vectors

vendor-stated
“Amazon S3 Vectors provides cost-effective, elastic, and durable vector storage at up to 90% lower costs for uploading, storing, and querying vectors.”
aws.amazon.com
Google Vector Search

A minimal setup under $100 per month can handle high throughput for moderate-sized use cases

vendor-stated
“Even a minimal setup (under $100 per month) can accommodate high throughput for moderate-sized use cases.”
docs.cloud.google.com

Inferred readings

Values that are our reading of a quote rather than the vendor's own words. Each carries an inferred tag wherever it appears.

16 values that are our reading of a quote, with the reason
ProductFieldValue shownOur reading
PineconeFree tierStarter plan includes up to 1M read units per month (with storage up to 2 GB and up to 2M write units per month)The Starter figures are the first column of the pricing table, mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
PineconeBYOC and self-hostBYOC listed on the Enterprise planRead as the Enterprise plan: the quoted list opens with Everything in Standard, the pricing page's lead-in for the tier above Standard.
PineconeVendor-stated claim99.95% uptime SLA on EnterpriseRead as the Enterprise plan: the quoted list opens with Everything in Standard, the pricing page's lead-in for the tier above Standard.
Weaviate CloudLimitsFree: 100,000 objects and 1 collection; paid plans: unlimited objects, 1000 collectionsFree versus paid-plan figures mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
Weaviate CloudRegions and cloudsFree: AWS; Flex and Premium shared: GCP, AWS; Premium dedicated: GCP, AWS, AzurePer-plan clouds (Free, Flex and Premium shared, Premium dedicated) mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
Weaviate CloudVendor-stated claimAvailability SLA: best effort (Free), 99.5% (Flex), 99.9% (Premium shared), 99.95% (Premium dedicated)Per-plan SLAs (Free, Flex, Premium shared, Premium dedicated) mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
Qdrant CloudVendor-stated claim99.5% uptime SLA on Standard TierThe quote does not name the tier; Standard comes from the pricing card it sits in.
Qdrant CloudVendor-stated claim99.9% uptime SLA on Premium TierThe quote does not name the tier; Premium comes from the pricing card it sits in.
Zilliz CloudVendor-stated claimPerformance-optimized CU: about 2 million vectors, 500-1500 QPS, 10 ms search latency (768-dim vectors)The quoted row does not name the CU type; Performance-optimized and the 768-dimension basis come from the surrounding pricing table and its footnote.
turbopufferVendor-stated claim99.95% uptime SLA on enterpriseThe quote does not name the plan; enterprise comes from the pricing table column it sits in.
Upstash VectorMax dimensions1,536 (Free), 3,072 (Pay as you go, Fixed), 5,000 (Pro)Per-plan figures (Free, Pay as you go, Fixed, Pro) mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
Upstash VectorMulti-tenancyNamespaces: 100 (Free), 10K (Pay as you go, Fixed), unlimited (Pro)Per-plan namespace counts (Free, Pay as you go, Fixed, Pro) mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
Upstash VectorLimitsMax vectors x dimensions: 200M (Free), 2B (Pay as you go, Fixed), 100B (Pro)Per-plan vector-dimension limits (Free, Pay as you go, Fixed, Pro) mapped by the pricing table's column order; the quoted row does not name the plans.
Upstash VectorRegions and cloudsAWS N. Virginia, AWS Ireland, GCP Iowa (varies by plan)The quote lists three regions; that they vary by plan comes from the pricing table's columns, not the quoted text.
Upstash VectorVendor-stated claimEnterprise plan scales over a billion vectorsThe quote does not name the plan; Enterprise comes from the pricing card it sits in.
Amazon OpenSearch ServerlessVendor-stated claimNextGen collections create all indexes with 32x compressionThe quote itself does not mention NextGen collections.

Not included

Products and plans considered and left out, with the reason recorded at the time.

  • Couchbase (vector search)

    Optional in scope and not researched in this pass.

  • Redis Cloud pricing

    Redis Cloud plans are not vector-specific and were not checked; the Redis entry covers the open-source engine only.

  • Supabase Vector Buckets

    Not checked; the Supabase entry covers pgvector only.

Guides on retrieval

Our longer reads on vector databases, embeddings and RAG.

Related data

Method

How to read this directory

Read from each vendor's docs, pricing pages, READMEs and license files on , with every quote string-matched against the page text that day. Prices and limits change; check the linked source before you commit.

Not a benchmark
Nothing here measures latency, recall or throughput. Every value is the vendor's own statement, quoted and linked; performance, scale and SLA figures are labelled vendor-stated. Shortlist on these facts, then test with your own data.
Prices in each product's own unit
Storage per GB-month, read and write units, queries, requests, search units, compute hours, vectors and vector dimensions are different things. Each price sits in a block for its unit, sorted only inside that block, never converted and never compared across blocks.
Not stated means not stated
When the pages we checked do not say, the cell reads Not stated with the reason, including rates a vendor shows only in a pricing calculator. It is not evidence that the product lacks the feature, and a status that is not stated is not a preview.
Inferred means our reading
A value tagged inferred is our reading of the quote, usually a plan name taken from a pricing table's column order when the quoted row does not name it. Every one is listed with its reason.

FAQ

Where does a vector database sit in a RAG pipeline?

In the middle. An embedding model turns documents and queries into vectors, the vector database stores those vectors and returns the nearest ones for each query, often alongside keyword or sparse search, and a reranker re-scores the top candidates before they reach the model. 12 entries here state built-in embedding and 4 state built-in reranking, so some products cover more than one stage.

Which vector databases have built-in embedding?

Stated on the pages we read: Pinecone, Weaviate Cloud, Qdrant Cloud, turbopuffer, LanceDB Enterprise, MongoDB Vector Search, Elasticsearch, Upstash Vector, Vespa Cloud, Azure AI Search, Milvus and Chroma. How much each does varies, from hosted embedding models to functions that call an external provider; the product pages quote each one.

Which vector databases support hybrid keyword and vector search?

Stated on the pages we read: Pinecone, Weaviate Cloud, Qdrant Cloud, Zilliz Cloud, Chroma Cloud, turbopuffer, LanceDB Enterprise, MongoDB Vector Search, Elasticsearch, Upstash Vector, Vespa Cloud, Amazon OpenSearch Serverless, Azure AI Search, Google Vector Search, Milvus, Chroma, LanceDB OSS and pgvector. For the rest the pages we checked did not describe it, which is not evidence that it is missing.

How much does a vector database cost?

It depends on the unit each product bills in: storage per GB-month or GiB-month, read and write units, queries, requests, search units, compute hours, vectors or vector dimensions, or a plan price. Those units do not convert into each other, so this directory groups prices by unit and sorts only inside a unit. Qdrant Cloud, Zilliz Cloud, turbopuffer and Amazon OpenSearch Serverless show some rates only in a pricing calculator, so those read Not stated here.

Which vector databases can I self-host?

The open-source engines and the Postgres extension: Milvus (Apache-2.0), Chroma (Apache-2.0), LanceDB OSS (Apache-2.0), OpenSearch (Apache-2.0), Redis (Redis 8+: RSALv2, SSPLv1 or AGPLv3 (your choice); 7.2 and earlier BSD-3) and pgvector (PostgreSQL License). Several managed services also state BYOC or self-managed options; the matrix links each one.

How many dimensions does pgvector support?

The README says: "Vectors can have up to 16,000 dimensions." That is the stored vector type. For indexed columns it lists: "- vector - up to 2,000 dimensions - halfvec - up to 4,000 dimensions - bit - up to 64,000 dimensions"

What changed in vector databases recently?

Vertex AI Vector Search now sits under Gemini Enterprise Agent Platform. MongoDB Atlas Vector Search is now called MongoDB Vector Search. Azure AI Search is shown as Foundry IQ (Azure AI Search). Cloudflare Vectorize V1 indexes are deprecated. Weaviate's license now splits BSD-3-Clause and an enterprise-licensed directory. Amazon OpenSearch Serverless splits vector collections into NextGen and Classic. S3 Vectors: ENHANCED is the default index mode for buckets created on or after September 30, 2026. Each change is quoted in the What changed section with its source.

Is this a vector database benchmark?

No. Every value is a first-party statement copied from the vendor's own pages, with the quote and the link. Performance, scale and SLA figures are labelled vendor-stated; nothing here was measured, and prices in different units are never converted or compared.

What do Not stated and inferred mean?

Not stated means the pages we checked did not say, so the cell shows the reason rather than a guess; it is not evidence that the feature is missing. Inferred marks our reading of a quote, such as a plan name taken from a pricing table's column order when the quoted row does not name it.

Last verified from each vendor's own docs, pricing pages, READMEs and license files; every quote was string-matched against the page that day. This is a dated snapshot, not a benchmark: prices are shown in each product's own unit and change without notice, so check the linked source before you commit.

Snapshot of October 18, 2026: 24 products, 360 quotes, 66 price rows, 13 with an open-source license, 3 considered and not included.

Published from the verified research file of 2026-10-18 with no change to any value or quote. Before publishing we removed every reference to the researcher's local copies of the source pages (the saved-file path recorded for each source and the folder named in each quoteCheck method), and rewrote the notes that described the reading process so they describe the source instead: the turbopuffer, Amazon OpenSearch Serverless (note and the unit line of its one price row) and Zilliz Cloud notes on calculator-only rates, the Milvus reranking, LanceDB embedding and three Azure AI Search null notes, the MongoDB tabbed-page note, the three Redis notes on what the entry covers, and the Couchbase skip reason. Supabase's two null fields moved from a separate nullNotes map into the field shape every other entry uses, with the same notes.

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